A few possibilities come to mind, but small glass tubes about 5 cm long that are sealed and contain liquid should be treated as unknown until identified. The location under a bathroom cabinet makes some explanations much more likely than others.
If you can upload a clear photo (ideally showing the whole tube, ends/caps, liquid color, labels, and anything printed on the glass), I can narrow it down considerably.
Most likely possibilities
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Old plumbing/maintenance products — Small glass ampoules have been used for various chemical treatments, testing kits, and maintenance products. Some contain liquids that were intended to be broken or mixed.
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Medical/pharmaceutical ampoules — Small sealed glass ampoules traditionally held medications, antiseptics, solvents, or other preparations. A 5-cm glass ampoule is quite plausible. An ampoule often has a narrow neck and a scored/breakable point.
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Chemical test tubes/ampoules — Bathroom renovations can uncover old water-testing, cleaning, disinfecting, or laboratory-type materials. Some are deliberately sealed with a specific quantity of liquid.
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Cosmetic or personal-care products — Older hair/skin products and concentrated treatments were sometimes packaged in small glass vials or ampoules.
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Thermometers or temperature-related devices — Less likely if they’re only ~5 cm long, but certain small liquid-filled glass components exist.
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Electrical/industrial components — Depending on the building’s age, small glass capsules can be components of older equipment rather than bathroom products.
The physical details are especially important
If you examine them without opening or breaking them, look for:
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Shape of the ends
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A long, thin neck ending in a sealed point → likely an ampoule.
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Rounded/blunt sealed ends → could be a vial or industrial component.
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Screw/crimp cap → potentially a pharmaceutical/cosmetic vial.
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Liquid appearance
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Clear/colorless
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Yellow/amber
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Blue/green
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Milky/cloudy
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Two distinct layers
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Crystals or sediment
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Markings
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Numbers
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Letters
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Manufacturer’s logo
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Measurement marks
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A colored band or dot
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How they’re sealed
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Melted glass at both ends
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A narrow breakable neck
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Rubber stopper
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Metal cap
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Plastic cap
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Whether they’re identical
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Finding several identical tubes strongly suggests they were manufactured as a particular product rather than being random pieces of glass.
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⚠️ Don’t open them yet
Because you don’t know what’s inside, don’t cut, snap, heat, crush, or puncture them, and don’t deliberately smell the liquid. Even if the liquid looks like water, old containers can hold chemicals or degraded substances.
If they’re intact, put them somewhere secure and away from children/pets, preferably leaving them in whatever container you found them in. If one is leaking, avoid skin contact and don’t clean it up bare-handed.
A photo could make this much easier
Please send one or more photos. Ideally:
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one photo of all the tubes together,
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one close-up of a single tube,
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both ends of the tube,
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any writing/markings,
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and, if possible, something beside it for scale (a ruler or coin).
Don’t handle them just to get a better photo. From the dimensions, shape, sealing method, markings, and liquid appearance, I can give you a much more specific identification and explain what they were used for, approximately when they were used, whether the contents could be hazardous, and how they should be disposed of.